3. Примеры использования MathGL

Эта глава содержит множество примеров кода для всех типов графиков, наиболее важных возможностей библиотеки и советов. Аналогичные примеры (с картинками) можно найти на http://mathgl.sf.net/pictures.html.

3.1 Примеры 1D графиков

3.1.1 Plot – пример использования

new y 50 3
modify y '0.7*sin(2*pi*x) + 0.5*cos(3*pi*x) + 0.2*sin(pi*x)'
modify y 'sin(2*pi*x)' 1
modify y 'cos(2*pi*x)' 2
box
plot y

3.1.2 Radar – пример использования

new y 10 3
modify y '0.4*sin(pi*(2*x+y/2))+0.1*rnd'
radar y '#'

3.1.3 Tens – пример использования

new y 50
new c 50
modify y '0.7*sin(2*pi*x) + 0.5*cos(3*pi*x) + 0.2*sin(pi*x)'
modify c 'sin(2*pi*x)'
box
tens y c

3.1.4 Area – пример использования

new y 50 3
modify y '0.7*sin(2*pi*x) + 0.5*cos(3*pi*x) + 0.2*sin(pi*x)'
modify y 'sin(2*pi*x)' 1
modify y 'cos(2*pi*x)' 2
origin 0 0
box
area y

3.1.5 Area с градиентной заливкой – пример использования

new y 50 3
modify y '0.7*sin(2*pi*x) + 0.5*cos(3*pi*x) + 0.2*sin(pi*x)'
modify y 'sin(2*pi*x)' 1
modify y 'cos(2*pi*x)' 2
origin 0 0
box
area y 'cbgGyr'

3.1.6 Bars – пример использования

new y 10 3
modify y '0.8*sin(pi*(2*x+y/2))+0.2*rnd'
origin 0 0
box
bars y

3.1.7 Bars (2 цвета) – пример использования

new y 10 3
modify y '0.8*sin(pi*(2*x+y/2))+0.2*rnd'
origin 0 0
box
bars y 'cbgGyr'

3.1.8 Bars (один над другим) – пример использования

new y 10 3
modify y '0.8*sin(pi*(2*x+y/2))+0.2*rnd'
origin 0 0
box
bars y 'a'

3.1.9 Bars "водопад" – пример использования

new y 10 3
modify y '0.8*sin(pi*(2*x+y/2))+0.2*rnd'
origin 0 0
box
bars y 'f'

3.1.10 Barh – пример использования

new y 10 3
modify y '0.8*sin(pi*(2*x+y/2))+0.2*rnd'
origin 0 0
box
barh y

3.1.11 Step – пример использования

new y 50 3
modify y '0.7*sin(2*pi*x) + 0.5*cos(3*pi*x) + 0.2*sin(pi*x)'
modify y 'sin(2*pi*x)' 1
modify y 'cos(2*pi*x)' 2
box
step y

3.1.12 Stem – пример использования

new y 50 3
modify y '0.7*sin(2*pi*x) + 0.5*cos(3*pi*x) + 0.2*sin(pi*x)'
modify y 'sin(2*pi*x)' 1
modify y 'cos(2*pi*x)' 2
origin 0 0
box
stem y 'o'

3.1.13 Region – пример использования

new y1 50
new y2 50
modify y1 '0.3*sin(2*pi*x)'
modify y2 '0.5+0.3*cos(2*pi*x)'
box
region y1 y2 'r'
plot y1 'k2'
plot y2 'k2'

3.1.14 Region с градиентной заливкой – пример использования

new y1 50
new y2 50
modify y1 '0.3*sin(2*pi*x)'
modify y2 '0.5+0.3*cos(2*pi*x)'
box
region y1 y2 'yr'
plot y1 'k2'
plot y2 'k2'

3.1.15 Error – пример использования

new y 50
new x0 10
new y0 10
new ex 10
new ey 10
modify y '0.7*sin(2*pi*x) + 0.5*cos(3*pi*x) + 0.2*sin(pi*x)'
modify x0 '2*x-1 + 0.1*rnd-0.05'
modify y0 '0.7*sin(2*pi*x) + 0.5*cos(3*pi*x) + 0.2*sin(pi*x) + 0.2*rnd-0.1'
modify ey '0.2'
modify ex '0.1'
box
plot y
error x0 y0 ex ey 'ko'

3.1.16 BoxPlot – пример использования

new a 10 7
modify a '(2*rnd-1)^3/2'
box
boxplot a
plot a ' ko'

3.1.17 Mark – пример использования

new y 50 3
modify y '0.7*sin(2*pi*x) + 0.5*cos(3*pi*x) + 0.2*sin(pi*x)'
modify y 'sin(2*pi*x)' 1
modify y 'cos(2*pi*x)' 2
new y1 50
modify y1 '0.5+0.3*cos(2*pi*x)'
box
mark y y1 'bs'

3.1.18 TextMark – пример использования

new y 50 3
modify y '0.7*sin(2*pi*x) + 0.5*cos(3*pi*x) + 0.2*sin(pi*x)'
modify y 'sin(2*pi*x)' 1
modify y 'cos(2*pi*x)' 2
new y1 50
modify y1 '0.5+0.3*cos(2*pi*x)'
box
textmark y y1 '\gamma'

3.1.19 Tube – пример использования

new y 50 3
modify y '0.7*sin(2*pi*x) + 0.5*cos(3*pi*x) + 0.2*sin(pi*x)'
modify y 'sin(2*pi*x)' 1
modify y 'cos(2*pi*x)' 2
rotate 40 60
light on
box
tube y 0.05

3.1.20 Text – пример использования

new y 50 3
modify y '0.7*sin(2*pi*x) + 0.5*cos(3*pi*x) + 0.2*sin(pi*x)'
modify y 'sin(2*pi*x)' 1
modify y 'cos(2*pi*x)' 2
box
plot y(:,0)
text y 'This is very long string drawn along a curve' ':k'
text y 'Another string drawn above a curve' 'T:r'

3.1.21 Torus – пример использования

new y1 50
new y2 50
modify y1 '0.5+0.3*cos(2*pi*x)'
modify y2 '0.3*sin(2*pi*x)'
rotate 40 60
light on
box
torus y1 y2 'pz'

3.1.22 Chart – пример использования

new ch 7 2
modify ch 'rnd+0.1'
rotate 40 60
light on
box
chart ch

3.1.23 Pie chart – пример использования

new ch 7 2
modify ch 'rnd+0.1'
rotate 40 60
light on
axis '(y+1)/2*cos(pi*x)' '(y+1)/2*sin(pi*x)' ''
box
chart ch 'bgr cmy#'

3.1.24 Ring chart – пример использования

new ch 7 2
modify ch 'rnd+0.1'
rotate 40 60
light on
axis '(y+2)/3*cos(pi*x)' '(y+2)/3*sin(pi*x)' ''
box
chart ch 'bgr cmy#'

3.2 Примеры 2D графиков

3.2.1 Surf – пример использования

new a 50 40
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
rotate 40 60
light on
box
surf a

3.2.2 Transparent surface – пример использования

new a 50 40
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
rotate 40 60
light on
alpha on
box
surf a

3.2.3 Surface in fog – пример использования

new a 50 40
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
rotate 40 60
light on
fog 1
box
surf a

3.2.4 Sharp colors – пример использования

new a 50 40
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
rotate 40 60
light on
box
surf a 'BbcyrR|'

3.2.5 Mesh – пример использования

new a 50 40
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
rotate 40 60
box
mesh a

3.2.6 Fall – пример использования

new a 50 40
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
rotate 40 60
box
fall a

3.2.7 Belt – пример использования

new a 50 40
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
rotate 40 60
light on
box
belt a

3.2.8 Tile – пример использования

new a 50 40
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
rotate 40 60
light on
box
tile a

3.2.9 Boxs – пример использования

new a 50 40
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
rotate 40 60
light on
origin 0 0 0
box
boxs a

3.2.10 Dens – пример использования

new a 50 40
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
box
dens a
colorbar

3.2.11 Cont – пример использования

new a 50 40
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
rotate 40 60
box
cont a

3.2.12 ContF – пример использования

new a 50 40
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
rotate 40 60
light on
box
contf a

3.2.13 ContD – пример использования

new a 50 40
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
var v 9 -1 1
box
contd v a
colorbar v

3.2.14 Axial – пример использования

new a 50 40
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
rotate 40 60
light on
alpha on
box
axial a

3.2.15 Grad – пример использования

new a 50 40
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
box:alpha on:dens a
grad a

3.3 Примеры 3D графиков

3.3.1 Surf3 – пример использования

new a 60 50 40
modify a '-2*((2*x-1)^2 + (2*y-1)^2 + (2*z-1)^4 - (2*z-1)^2 - 0.1)'
rotate 40 60
light on
alpha on
box
surf3 a

3.3.2 Cloud – пример использования

new a 60 50 40
modify a '-2*((2*x-1)^2 + (2*y-1)^2 + (2*z-1)^4 - (2*z-1)^2 - 0.1)'
rotate 40 60
alpha on
box
cloud a 'wyrRk'

3.3.3 CloudP – пример использования

Not available.

3.3.4 Dens3 – пример использования

new a 60 50 40
modify a '-2*((2*x-1)^2 + (2*y-1)^2 + (2*z-1)^4 - (2*z-1)^2 - 0.1)'
rotate 40 60
alpha on
origin 0 0 0
box
densa a
axis

3.3.5 Cont3 – пример использования

new a 60 50 40
modify a '-2*((2*x-1)^2 + (2*y-1)^2 + (2*z-1)^4 - (2*z-1)^2 - 0.1)'
rotate 40 60
box
conta a

3.3.6 ContF3 – пример использования

new a 60 50 40
modify a '-2*((2*x-1)^2 + (2*y-1)^2 + (2*z-1)^4 - (2*z-1)^2 - 0.1)'
rotate 40 60
light on
box
contfa a

3.3.7 Cont projection – пример использования

new a 60 50 40
modify a '-2*((2*x-1)^2 + (2*y-1)^2 + (2*z-1)^4 - (2*z-1)^2 - 0.1)'
rotate 40 60
box
sum s a 'x'
contx s '' -1
sum s a 'y'
conty s '' 1
sum s a 'z'
contz s '' -1

3.3.8 Dens projection – пример использования

new a 60 50 40
modify a '-2*((2*x-1)^2 + (2*y-1)^2 + (2*z-1)^4 - (2*z-1)^2 - 0.1)'
rotate 40 60
box
sum s a 'x'
densx s '' -1
sum s a 'y'
densy s '' 1
sum s a 'z'
densz s '' -1

3.3.9 CutMinMax – пример использования

new a 60 50 40
modify a '-2*((2*x-1)^2 + (2*y-1)^2 + (2*z-1)^4 - (2*z-1)^2 - 0.1)'
rotate 40 60
light on
alpha on
cut 0 -1 -1 1 0 1
box
surf3 a

3.3.10 “Isocaps” – пример использования

new a 61 51 40
modify a '-2*((2*x-1)^2 + (2*y-1)^2 + (2*z-1)^4 - (2*z-1)^2 - 0.1)'
rotate 40 60
light on
cut 0 -1 -1 1 0 1.1
box
surf3 a -1
contf3 a 'x' -1
contf3 a 'y' -1
contf3 a 'z' 0
contf3 a 'z' 39

3.3.11 CutOff – пример использования

new a 60 50 40
modify a '-2*((2*x-1)^2 + (2*y-1)^2 + (2*z-1)^4 - (2*z-1)^2 - 0.1)'
rotate 40 60
light on
alpha on
cut '(z>(x+0.5*y-1)^2-1) & (z>(x-0.5*y-1)^2-1)'
box
surf3 a

3.4 Примеры парных/векторных графиков

3.4.1 SurfC – пример использования

new a 50 40
new b 50 40
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
modify b '0.6*cos(2*pi*x)*cos(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
rotate 40 60
light on
box
surfc a b

3.4.2 SurfA – пример использования

new a 50 40
new b 50 40
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
modify b '0.6*cos(2*pi*x)*cos(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
rotate 40 60
light on
alpha on
box
surfa a b

3.4.3 TileS – пример использования

new a 50 40
new b 50 40
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
modify b '0.6*cos(2*pi*x)*cos(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
box
tile a b

3.4.4 Map – пример использования

new a 50 40
new b 50 40
text 0 0 '\to'
zrange -2 2
subplot 2 1 0
text 0 1.1 '\{x, y\}' '' -2
box
fill a 'x'
fill b 'y'
map a b 'brgk' 0 0
subplot 2 1 1
text 0 1.1 '\{\frac{x^3+y^3}{2}, \frac{x-y}{2}\}' '' -2
box
fill a '(x^3+y^3)/2'
fill b '(x-y)/2'
map a b 'brgk' 0 0

3.4.5 Traj – пример использования

new y 50 3
new x 50
new y1 50
new y2 50
modify y '0.7*sin(2*pi*x) + 0.5*cos(3*pi*x) + 0.2*sin(pi*x)'
modify y 'sin(2*pi*x)' 1
modify y 'cos(2*pi*x)' 2
fill x -1 1
modify y1 '0.5+0.3*cos(2*pi*x)'
modify y2 '0.3*sin(2*pi*x)'
box
plot x y
traj x y y1 y2

3.4.6 Vect – пример использования

new a 20 30
new b 20 30
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
modify b '0.6*cos(2*pi*x)*cos(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
box
vect a b

3.4.7 VectL – пример использования

new a 20 30
new b 20 30
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
modify b '0.6*cos(2*pi*x)*cos(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
box
vectl a b

3.4.8 VectC – пример использования

new a 20 30
new b 20 30
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
modify b '0.6*cos(2*pi*x)*cos(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
box
vectc a b

3.4.9 Flow – пример использования

new a 20 30
new b 20 30
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
modify b '0.6*cos(2*pi*x)*cos(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
box
flow a b

3.4.10 Pipe – пример использования

new a 20 30
new b 20 30
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
modify b '0.6*cos(2*pi*x)*cos(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
light on
box
pipe a b

3.4.11 Dew – пример использования

new a 20 30
new b 20 30
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
modify b '0.6*cos(2*pi*x)*cos(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
box
light on
dew a b

3.4.12 Surf3C – пример использования

new a 60 50 40
new b 60 50 40
modify a '-2*((2*x-1)^2 + (2*y-1)^2 + (2*z-1)^4 - (2*z-1)^2 - 0.1)'
modify b '1-2*tanh(4*(x+y-1)^2)'
rotate 40 60
light on
alpha on
box
surf3c a b

3.4.13 Surf3A – пример использования

new a 60 50 40
new b 60 50 40
modify a '-2*((2*x-1)^2 + (2*y-1)^2 + (2*z-1)^4 - (2*z-1)^2 - 0.1)'
modify b '1-2*tanh(4*(x+y-1)^2)'
rotate 40 60
light on
alpha on
box
surf3a a b

3.4.14 Vect 3D – пример использования

new ex 10 10 10
new ey 10 10 10
new ez 10 10 10
fill ex '0.2*x/pow(x^2+y^2+(z-0.3)^2,1.5) - 0.2*x/pow(x^2+y^2+(z+0.3)^2,1.5)'
fill ey '0.2*y/pow(x^2+y^2+(z-0.3)^2,1.5) - 0.2*y/pow(x^2+y^2+(z+0.3)^2,1.5)'
fill ez '0.2*(z-0.3)/pow(x^2+y^2+(z-0.3)^2,1.5) - 0.2*(z+0.3)/pow(x^2+y^2+(z+0.3)^2,1.5)'
rotate 40 60
box
vect ex ey ez 'bwr'

3.4.15 VectL 3D – пример использования

new ex 10 10 10
new ey 10 10 10
new ez 10 10 10
fill ex '0.2*x/pow(x^2+y^2+(z-0.3)^2,1.5) - 0.2*x/pow(x^2+y^2+(z+0.3)^2,1.5)'
fill ey '0.2*y/pow(x^2+y^2+(z-0.3)^2,1.5) - 0.2*y/pow(x^2+y^2+(z+0.3)^2,1.5)'
fill ez '0.2*(z-0.3)/pow(x^2+y^2+(z-0.3)^2,1.5) - 0.2*(z+0.3)/pow(x^2+y^2+(z+0.3)^2,1.5)'
rotate 40 60
box
vectl ex ey ez 'bwr'

3.4.16 VectC 3D – пример использования

new ex 10 10 10
new ey 10 10 10
new ez 10 10 10
fill ex '0.2*x/pow(x^2+y^2+(z-0.3)^2,1.5) - 0.2*x/pow(x^2+y^2+(z+0.3)^2,1.5)'
fill ey '0.2*y/pow(x^2+y^2+(z-0.3)^2,1.5) - 0.2*y/pow(x^2+y^2+(z+0.3)^2,1.5)'
fill ez '0.2*(z-0.3)/pow(x^2+y^2+(z-0.3)^2,1.5) - 0.2*(z+0.3)/pow(x^2+y^2+(z+0.3)^2,1.5)'
rotate 40 60
box
vectc ex ey ez 'bwr'

3.4.17 Flow 3D – пример использования

new ex 30 30 30
new ey 30 30 30
new ez 30 30 30
fill ex '0.2*x/pow(x^2+y^2+(z-0.3)^2,1.5) - 0.2*x/pow(x^2+y^2+(z+0.3)^2,1.5)'
fill ey '0.2*y/pow(x^2+y^2+(z-0.3)^2,1.5) - 0.2*y/pow(x^2+y^2+(z+0.3)^2,1.5)'
fill ez '0.2*(z-0.3)/pow(x^2+y^2+(z-0.3)^2,1.5) - 0.2*(z+0.3)/pow(x^2+y^2+(z+0.3)^2,1.5)'
rotate 40 60
box
flow ex ey ez 'bwr'

3.4.18 Pipe 3D – пример использования

new ex 10 10 10
new ey 10 10 10
new ez 10 10 10
fill ex '0.2*x/pow(x^2+y^2+(z-0.3)^2,1.5) - 0.2*x/pow(x^2+y^2+(z+0.3)^2,1.5)'
fill ey '0.2*y/pow(x^2+y^2+(z-0.3)^2,1.5) - 0.2*y/pow(x^2+y^2+(z+0.3)^2,1.5)'
fill ez '0.2*(z-0.3)/pow(x^2+y^2+(z-0.3)^2,1.5) - 0.2*(z+0.3)/pow(x^2+y^2+(z+0.3)^2,1.5)'
rotate 40 60
light on
box
pipe ex ey ez 'bwr'

3.4.19 Crust – пример использования

read a 'hotdogs.pts'
norm a -1 1 on
rotate 40 60
light on
box
crust a 'p'

3.4.20 Dots – пример использования

read a 'hotdogs.pts'
norm a -1 1 on
rotate 40 60
box
dots a 'p'

3.5 Базовые возможности

3.5.1 Пример графиков 1D данных

new y0 50: modify y0 'sin(pi*(2*x-1))'
subplot 2 2 0
plot y0: box

subplot 2 2 1
new y1 50 2
modify y1 'sin(pi*2*x-pi)'
modify y1 'cos(pi*2*x-pi)/2' 1
plot y1: box

new x 50: modify x 'cos(pi*2*x-pi)'
plot x y0 'Y+'
plot y1(:,0) y(:,1) 'q|'

subplot 2 2 2:rotate 60 40
new z 50:   modify z '2*x-1'
plot x y0 z 'g':box
new y2 10 3
modify y2 'cos(pi*(2*x-1-y))'
modify y2 '2*x-1' 2
plot y2(:,0) y2(:,1) y2(:,2) 'bo '

subplot 2 2 3:rotate 60 40
bars x y0 z 'r':box

3.5.2 Пример графиков 2D данных

light on

new a0 50 40
modify a0 '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y)+0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
subplot 2 2 0:rotate 60 40
surf a0: box

new x 50 40: new y 50 40: new z 50 40
modify x '0.8*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(pi*y)'
modify y '0.8*cos(2*pi*x)*sin(pi*y)'
modify z '0.8*cos(pi*y)'
subplot 2 2 1:rotate 60 40
surf x y z 'bbwrr': box

new a1 50 40 3
modify a1 '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y)+0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
modify a1 '0.6*cos(2*pi*x)*cos(3*pi*y)+0.4*sin(3*pi*(x*y))' 1
modify a1 '0.6*cos(2*pi*x)*cos(3*pi*y)+0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))' 2
subplot 2 2 2:rotate 60 40
alpha on
surf a1: box

subplot 2 2 3: rotate 60 40
dens a1: box

3.5.3 Пример графиков 3D данных

alpha on: light on
light 0 0 0 1
new a 30 30 30: new b 30 30 30
modify a 'exp(-16*((z-0.5)^2+(y-0.5)^2)/(1+4*x^2))'
modify b '16*((z-0.5)^2+(y-0.5)^2)*(x)/(1+4*x^2)'
caxis 0 1

subplot 2 2 0: rotate 40 60
surf3 a 'wgk': box
subplot 2 2 1: rotate 40 60
densa a: box: axis
subplot 2 2 2: rotate 40 60
cloud a: box
subplot 2 2 3: rotate 40 60
surf3a b a 'q': box

3.5.4 Пример стилей линий и маркеров

NOT AVAILABLE

3.5.5 Пример стилей стрелок

NOT AVAILABLE

3.5.6 Пример стилей текста

text 0 1 'Text can be in ASCII and in Unicode'
text 0 0.6 'It can be \wire{wire}, \big{big} or #r{colored}'
text 0 0.2 'One can change style in string: \b{bold}, \i{italic, \b{both}}'
text 0 -0.2 'Easy to \a{overline} or \u{underline}'
text 0 -0.6 'Easy to change indexes ^{up} _{down} @{center}'
text 0 -1 'It parse TeX: \int \alpha \cdot \sqrt3{sin(\pi x)^2 + \gamma_{i_k}} dx'

3.5.7 Пример TeX формулы

text 0 0 '\sqrt{\frac{\alpha^{\gamma^2}+\overset 1{\big\infty}}{\sqrt3{2+b}}}' '' -4

3.5.8 Примеры начертаний шрифта

NOT AVAILABLE

3.5.9 Примеры цветов

#LENUQ
facez -1   -1 0 0.4 0.3 'L#': text -0.8 -0.9 'L' 'C:w'
facez -0.6 -1 0 0.4 0.3 'E#': text -0.4 -0.9 'E' 'C:w'
facez -0.2 -1 0 0.4 0.3 'N#': text  0   -0.9 'N' 'C:w'
facez  0.2 -1 0 0.4 0.3 'U#': text  0.4 -0.9 'U' 'C:w'
facez  0.6 -1 0 0.4 0.3 'Q#': text  0.8 -0.9 'Q' 'C:w'
#lenuq
facez -1   -0.7 0 0.4 0.3 'l#': text -0.8 -0.6 'l' 'C:k'
facez -0.6 -0.7 0 0.4 0.3 'e#': text -0.4 -0.6 'e' 'C:k'
facez -0.2 -0.7 0 0.4 0.3 'n#': text  0   -0.6 'n' 'C:k'
facez  0.2 -0.7 0 0.4 0.3 'u#': text  0.4 -0.6 'u' 'C:k'
facez  0.6 -0.7 0 0.4 0.3 'q#': text  0.8 -0.6 'q' 'C:k'
#CMYkP
facez -1   -0.4 0 0.4 0.3 'C#': text -0.8 -0.3 'C' 'C:w'
facez -0.6 -0.4 0 0.4 0.3 'M#': text -0.4 -0.3 'M' 'C:w'
facez -0.2 -0.4 0 0.4 0.3 'Y#': text  0   -0.3 'Y' 'C:w'
facez  0.2 -0.4 0 0.4 0.3 'k#': text  0.4 -0.3 'k' 'C:w'
facez  0.6 -0.4 0 0.4 0.3 'P#': text  0.8 -0.3 'P' 'C:w'
#lenuq
facez -1   -0.1 0 0.4 0.3 'c#': text -0.8 0 'c' 'C:k'
facez -0.6 -0.1 0 0.4 0.3 'm#': text -0.4 0 'm' 'C:k'
facez -0.2 -0.1 0 0.4 0.3 'y#': text  0   0 'y' 'C:k'
facez  0.2 -0.1 0 0.4 0.3 'w#': text  0.4 0 'w' 'C:k'
facez  0.6 -0.1 0 0.4 0.3 'p#': text  0.8 0 'p' 'C:k'
#BGRHW
facez -1   0.2 0 0.4 0.3 'B#': text -0.8 0.3 'B' 'C:k'
facez -0.6 0.2 0 0.4 0.3 'G#': text -0.4 0.3 'G' 'C:k'
facez -0.2 0.2 0 0.4 0.3 'R#': text  0   0.3 'R' 'C:k'
facez  0.2 0.2 0 0.4 0.3 'H#': text  0.4 0.3 'H' 'C:k'
facez  0.6 0.2 0 0.4 0.3 'W#': text  0.8 0.3 'W' 'C:k'
#bgrhw
facez -1   0.5 0 0.4 0.3 'b#': text -0.8 0.6 'b' 'C:w'
facez -0.6 0.5 0 0.4 0.3 'g#': text -0.4 0.6 'g' 'C:w'
facez -0.2 0.5 0 0.4 0.3 'r#': text  0   0.6 'r' 'C:w'
facez  0.2 0.5 0 0.4 0.3 'h#': text  0.4 0.6 'h' 'C:w'
facez  0.6 0.5 0 0.4 0.3 'w#': text  0.8 0.6 'w' 'C:w'
#brighted
facez -1   0.8 0 0.4 0.3 'r1#': text -0.8 0.9 'r1' 'C:k'
facez -0.6 0.8 0 0.4 0.3 'r3#': text -0.4 0.9 'r3' 'C:k'
facez -0.2 0.8 0 0.4 0.3 'r5#': text  0   0.9 'r5' 'C:k'
facez  0.2 0.8 0 0.4 0.3 'r7#': text  0.4 0.9 'r7' 'C:k'
facez  0.6 0.8 0 0.4 0.3 'r9#': text  0.8 0.9 'r9' 'C:k'

3.5.10 Примеры цветовых схем

new a 256 2: fill a 'x'
subplot 2 10 0 0.2:dens a 'kw'
text -1.4 -0.3 'kw' '' -8
subplot 2 10 1 0.2:dens a 'wk'
text -1.4 -0.3 'wk' '' -8
subplot 2 10 2 0.2:dens a 'kHCcw'
text -1.4 -0.3 'kHCcw' '' -8
subplot 2 10 3 0.2:dens a 'kBbcw'
text -1.4 -0.3 'kBbcw' '' -8
subplot 2 10 4 0.2:dens a 'kRryw'
text -1.4 -0.3 'kRryw' '' -8
subplot 2 10 5 0.2:dens a 'kGgew'
text -1.4 -0.3 'kGgew' '' -8
subplot 2 10 6 0.2:dens a 'BbwrR'
text -1.4 -0.3 'BbwrR' '' -8
subplot 2 10 7 0.2:dens a 'BbwgG'
text -1.4 -0.3 'BbwgG' '' -8
subplot 2 10 8 0.2:dens a 'GgwmM'
text -1.4 -0.3 'GgwmM' '' -8
subplot 2 10 9 0.2:dens a 'UuwqR'
text -1.4 -0.3 'UuwqR' '' -8
subplot 2 10 10 0.2:dens a 'QqwcC'
text -1.4 -0.3 'QqwcC' '' -8
subplot 2 10 11 0.2:dens a 'CcwyY'
text -1.4 -0.3 'CcwyY' '' -8
subplot 2 10 12 0.2:dens a 'bcwyr'
text -1.4 -0.3 'bcwyr' '' -8
subplot 2 10 13 0.2:dens a 'bwr'
text -1.4 -0.3 'bwr' '' -8
subplot 2 10 14 0.2:dens a 'BbcyrR'
text -1.4 -0.3 'BbcyrR' '' -8
subplot 2 10 15 0.2:dens a 'UbcyqR'
text -1.4 -0.3 'UbcyqR' '' -8
subplot 2 10 16 0.2:dens a 'BbcwyrR'
text -1.4 -0.3 'BbcwyrR' '' -8
subplot 2 10 17 0.2:dens a 'bcyr'
text -1.4 -0.3 'bcyr' '' -8
subplot 2 10 18 0.2:dens a 'BbcyrR|'
text -1.4 -0.3 'BbcyrR|' '' -8
subplot 2 10 19 0.2:dens a 'bgr'
text -1.4 -0.3 'bgr' '' -8

3.5.11 Обычная прозрачность

alpha on: light on
new a 50 40
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'

transptype 0: clf
subplot 2 2 0: rotate 40 60: surf a:  box
subplot 2 2 1: rotate 40 60: dens a:  box
subplot 2 2 2: rotate 40 60: cont a:  box
subplot 2 2 3: rotate 40 60: axial a: box

3.5.12 "Стеклянная" прозрачность

alpha on: light on
new a 50 40
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'

transptype 1: clf
subplot 2 2 0: rotate 40 60: surf a:  box
subplot 2 2 1: rotate 40 60: dens a:  box
subplot 2 2 2: rotate 40 60: cont a:  box
subplot 2 2 3: rotate 40 60: axial a: box

3.5.13 "Ламповая" прозрачность

alpha on: light on
new a 50 40
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'

transptype 2: clf
subplot 2 2 0: rotate 40 60: surf a:  box
subplot 2 2 1: rotate 40 60: dens a:  box
subplot 2 2 2: rotate 40 60: cont a:  box
subplot 2 2 3: rotate 40 60: axial a: box

3.6 Дополнительные возможности

3.6.1 Legend – пример использования

new f 50 3
modify f 'sin(2*pi*x*x)'
modify f 'sin(2*pi*x)' 1
modify f 'sin(2*pi*sqrt(x))' 2
axis 0 -1 1 1
box
plot f
axis
addlegend 'sin(\pi {x^2})' 'b'
addlegend 'sin(\pi x)' 'g*'
addlegend 'sin(\pi \sqrt{\a x})' 'r+'
legend

3.6.2 Добавляем сетку

new a 50 40
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
alpha on
light on
subplot 2 2 0
rotate 40 60
surf a 'BbcyrR#'
box
subplot 2 2 1
rotate 40 60
dens a 'BbcyrR#'
box
subplot 2 2 2
rotate 40 60
cont a 'BbcyrR#'
box
subplot 2 2 3
rotate 40 60
axial a 'BbcyrR#'
box

3.6.3 Surf & Cont – пример использования

new a 50 40
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
rotate 40 60
light on
box
surf a
cont a 'y'

3.6.4 Flow & Dens – пример использования

new a 50 40
new b 50 40
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
modify b '0.6*cos(2*pi*x)*cos(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
copy d a
modify d 'sqrt(v^2+w^2)' a b
box
flow a b 'br'
dens d 'BbcyrR'

3.6.5 Несколько источников света

new a 50 40
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
rotate 40 60
light on
light 1 0 1 0 'c'
light 2 1 0 0 'y'
light 3 0 -1 0 'm'
box
surf a 'h'

3.6.6 Отражение поверхности

new a 30 40
modify a 'pi*(1-2*x)*exp(-4*y^2-4*(2*x-1)^2)'
rotate 40 60
light on
surf a 'r'; yrange 0 1
surf a 'b'; yrange 0 -1
box

or

new a 30 40
var x 30 -1 1
var y1 40 0 1
var y2 40 0 -1
modify a 'pi*(1-2*x)*exp(-4*y^2-4*(2*x-1)^2)'
rotate 40 60
light on
surf x y1 a 'r'
surf x y2 a 'b'
box

3.6.7 Cont и подписи – пример использования

new a 50 40
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
box
cont a 'BbcyrRt'

3.6.8 Ternary plot – пример использования

new rx 10
new ry 10
new x 50
new y 50
new a 20 30
modify a '4*x*y'
modify x '0.25*(1+cos(2*pi*x))'
modify y '0.25*(1+sin(2*pi*x))'
modify rx 'rnd'
modify ry 'rnd*(1-v)' rx
text -0.8 1.3 'Ternary plot (x+y+t=1)'
ternary on
plot x y 'r2'
plot rx ry 'q^ '
cont a
line 0.5 0 0 0.75 'g2'
axis
grid 'xyz' 'B;'
xlabel 'x comp.'
ylabel 'y comp.'
tlabel 't comp.'

3.6.9 Окрашивание по положению грани

new a 60 50 40
modify a '-2*((2*x-1)^2 + (2*y-1)^2 + (2*z-1)^4 - (2*z-1)^2 - 0.1)'
rotate 40 60
box
surf3 a 'bgrd'

3.6.10 Drops – пример использования

light on
text -1 1.2 'sh=0'
drop -1 0 0 1 0.5 'r' 0
text -0.33 1.2 'sh=0.33'
drop -0.33 0 0 1 0.5 'r' 0.33
text 0.33 1.2 'sh=0.67'
drop 0.33 0 0 1 0.5 'r' 0.67
text 1 1.2 'sh=1'
drop 1 0 0 1 0.5 'r' 1
ball -1 0 1 'k'
ball -0.33 0 1 'k'
ball 0.33 0 1 'k'
ball 1 0 1 'k'
line -1 0 1 1 0 1 'b'
new h 100
modify h '0.25*(1+x)^2'
plot h 'k|'
text -1 0.6 'h\sim(1+sh)^2' 'rL'

3.6.11 Рисование молекул

alpha on
light on
subplot 2 2 0
text 0 1.2 'Methane, CH_4' '' -3
rotate 60 120
sphere 0 0 0 0.25 'k'
drop 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.35 'h' 1 2
sphere 0 0 0.7 0.25 'g'
drop 0 0 0 -0.94 0 -0.33 0.35 'h' 1 2
sphere -0.66 0 -0.23 0.25 'g'
drop 0 0 0 0.47 0.82 -0.33 0.35 'h' 1 2
sphere 0.33 0.57 -0.23 0.25 'g'
drop 0 0 0 0.47 -0.82 -0.33 0.35 'h' 1 2
sphere 0.33 -0.57 -0.23 0.25 'g'
subplot 2 2 1
text 0 1.2 'Water, H{_2}O' '' -3
rotate 60 100
sphere 0 0 0 0.25 'r'
drop 0 0 0 0.3 0.5 0 0.3 'm' 1 2
sphere 0.3 0.5 0 0.25 'g'
drop 0 0 0 0.3 -0.5 0 0.3 'm' 1 2
sphere 0.3 -0.5 0 0.25 'g'
subplot 2 2 2
text 0 1.2 'Oxygen, O_2' '' -3
rotate 60 120
drop 0 0.5 0 0 -0.3 0 0.3 'm' 1 2
sphere 0 0.5 0 0.25 'r'
drop 0 -0.5 0 0 0.3 0 0.3 'm' 1 2
sphere 0 -0.5 0 0.25 'r'
subplot 2 2 3
text 0 1.2 0 'Ammonia, NH_3' '' -3
rotate 60 120
sphere 0 0 0 0.25 'b'
drop 0 0 0 0.33 0.57 0 0.32 'n' 1 2
sphere 0.33 0.57 0 0.25 'g'
drop 0 0 0 0.33 -0.57 0 0.32 'n' 1 2
sphere 0.33 -0.57 0 0.25 'g'
drop 0 0 0 -0.65 0 0 0.32 'n' 1 2
sphere -0.65 0 0 0.25 'g'

3.7 "Продвинутые" возможности

3.7.1 Криволинейные координаты

origin -1 1 -1
subplot 2 2 0
rotate 60 40
line -1 0.5 0 1 0.5 0 'r2'
axis
grid
text 0 1.3 1 'Cartesian'
subplot 2 2 1
rotate 60 40
axis 'y*sin(pi*x)' 'y*cos(pi*x)' ''
line -1 0.5 0 1 0.5 0 'r2'
axis
grid
text 0 1.3 1 'Cylindrical'
subplot 2 2 2
rotate 60 40
axis '2*y*x' 'y*y - x*x' ''
line -1 0.5 0 1 0.5 0 'r2'
axis
grid
text 0 1.3 1 'Parabolic'
subplot 2 2 3
rotate 60 40
axis 'y*sin(pi*x)' 'y*cos(pi*x)' 'x+z'
line -1 0.5 0 1 0.5 0 'r2'
axis
grid
text 0 1.3 1 'Spiral'
axis '' '' '' # set to default Cartesian

3.7.2 Несколько осей на одном графике

new y1 50
new y2 50
modify y1 '0.3*sin(2*pi*x)'
modify y2 '0.5+0.3*cos(2*pi*x)'
axis -1 -1 -1 1 1 1
origin -1 -1 -1
axis
ylabel 'axis 1' 0
plot y1 'b'
axis 0 0 0 1 1 1
origin 1 1 1
axis
ylabel 'axis 2' 0
stem y2 'r'

3.7.3 Semi-log – пример использования

new x 2000
new y 2000
modify x '0.01/(x+10^(-5))'
modify y 'sin(1/v)' x
xrange 0.01 1000
origin 0.01 -1 0
xtick 0
axis 'lg(x)' '' ''
plot x y 'b2'
axis
grid 'xy' 'g'
xlabel 'x' 0
ylabel 'y = sin 1/x' 0
box

3.7.4 Log-log – пример использования

new x 100
new y 100
modify x 'pow(10,6*x-3)'
modify y 'sqrt(1+v^2)' x
axis 0.001 0.1 1000 1000
xtick 0
ytick 0
axis 'lg(x)' 'lg(y)' ''
plot x y 'b2'
axis
grid 'xy' 'g;'
xlabel 'x' 0
ylabel 'y=\sqrt{1+x^2}' 0
box

3.7.5 Fitting – пример использования

new rnd 100
fill rnd '0.4*rnd+0.1+sin(2*pi*x)'
new in 100
fill in '0.3+sin(2*pi*x)'
yrange -2 2
plot rnd '. '
box
list ini 1 1 3
fit res rnd 'a+b*sin(c*x)' 'abc' ini
plot res 'r'
plot in 'b'
text -1 -1.3 'fitted:' 'L:r' -1
putsfit 0 -1.8 'y = ' 'C:r'
text 0 2.2 'initial: y = 0.3+sin(2\pi x)' 'C:b' -1

3.7.6 Envelop – пример использования

new a 1000
fill a 'exp(-8*x^2)*sin(10*pi*x)'
plot a 'b'
envelop a
plot a 'r'
axis

3.7.7 Sew – пример использования

new a 100 100
modify a 'mod((y^2-(1-x)^2)/2,0.1)'
rotate 40 60
light on
alpha on
surf a 'b'
sew a 'xy' 0.1
surf a 'r'
box

3.7.8 STFA – пример использования

new a 2000
new b 2000
fill a 'cos(50*pi*x)*(x<-.5)+cos(100*pi*x)*(x<0)*(x>-.5)+
        cos(200*pi*x)*(x<.5)*(x>0)+cos(400*pi*x)*(x>.5)'
subplot 1 2 0
plot a
axis
xlabel '\i t'
subplot 1 2 1
stfa a b 64 ''
axis
ylabel '\omega' 0
xlabel '\i t'

3.7.9 PDE – пример использования

axis
xlabel '\i x'
ylabel '\i z'
new re 128
new im 128
fill re 'exp(-48*(x+0.7)^2)'
pde a 'p^2+q^2-x-1+i*0.5*(z+x)*(z>-x)' re im 0.01 30
transpose a
crange 0 1
dens a 'wyrRk'
fplot '-x' 'k|'
text 0 0.85 'absorption: (x+z)/2 for x+z>0' '' -1
title 'Equation: ik_0\partial_zu + \Delta u + x\cdot u + i \frac{x+z}{2}\cdot u = 0' 'iC' -1.5

3.7.10 Beam tracing – пример использования

define $1 'p^2+q^2-x-1+i*0.5*(y+x)*(y>-x)'
ray r $1 -0.7 -1 0 0 0.5 0 0.02 2
plot r(0) r(1) 'k'
axis
xlabel '\i x'
ylabel '\i z'
new re 128
new im 128
new xx
new yy
fill re 'exp(-48*x^2)'
qo2d a $1 re im r 1 30 xx yy 
crange 0 1
dens xx yy a 'wyrRk'
fplot '-x' 'k|'
text -0.8 0.85 'absorption: (x+y)/2 for x+y>0' 'L' -1
text 0.5 -0.05 'central ray' 'L' -1
title 'Beam and ray tracing' 'C' -1.5

3.7.11 Parser – пример использования

3.7.12 Особые метки по осям

axis -pi 0 pi 2
xtick -pi '-\pi' -1.571 '-\pi/2' 0 '0' 0.886 'x^*' 1.571 '\pi/2' pi '\pi'
axis 
grid
fplot '2*cos(x^2)^2' 'r2' nan 300

3.7.13 ColumnPlot – пример использования

for $1 0 3
columnplot 4 $1
box
text -0.5 0.5 'Plot $1 of 4'
fplot 'sin(pi*x+pi*$1/2)'
next

3.7.14 StickPlot – пример использования

ranges -1 1 -1 1 0 1:light on
stickplot 3 0 40 30 : axis 'xyz_'
fsurf 'exp(-10*y^2-6*x^2)'
text 0.2 0 1.2 'z=0' '' -2
stickplot 3 1 40 30 : axis 'xy_'
fsurf 'exp(-10*y^2/2-6*x^2)/sqrt(2)'
text 0.2 0 1.2 'z=1' '' -2
stickplot 3 2 40 30 : axis 'xy_'
fsurf 'exp(-10*y^2/5-6*x^2)/sqrt(5)'
text 0.2 0 1.2 'z=2' '' -2
xlabel '\tau' 0 : ylabel '\rho'

3.7.15 Пример стерео изображения

new a 50 40
modify a '0.6*sin(2*pi*x)*sin(3*pi*y) + 0.4*cos(3*pi*(x*y))'
light on
subplot 2 1 0
rotate 40 60+3
box:surf a
subplot 2 1 1
rotate 40 60-3
box:surf a

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